SALV 介绍和简单的SALV案例

一、SALV介绍

​ SAP Netweaver 04SAP引入了一个新的Class Cl_SALV 来进行面向对象(OO ALV) 的开发。在SAP Netweaver之前，我们可以根据ALV的展现方式（Tabular, Tree, Hierarchical），ALV的类型（List or Grid）来决定用什么来开发ALV.比如，如果想用控件框架，我们要用到class CL_GUI_ALV_GRID来创建ALV，为避免这种选择综合症，SAP推出了一个万能模式–完全基于面向对象的ALV类家族，如下：

CL_SALV_TABLE：一般ALV

CL_SALV_HIERSEQU_TABLE：以层次结构显示的ALV

CL_SALV_TREE：树形结构ALV

SALV有点很多，SALV可以像使用函数方式生成ALV那样，不用创建屏幕就可以调用的全屏方式显示的ALV

而且最重要的是，SALV的GRID报表可以在后台运行

二、实现与代码

所有的SALV类都是通过静态方法，CL_SALV_TABLE=>FACTORY 生成ALV的实例（instance），然后调用实例方法display显示ALV

下面代码是通过class CL_SALV_TABLE实现SALV的简单实例：

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& 一个简单的通过类CL_SALV_TABLE生成SALV的例子
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
REPORT zabap_salv1.
*
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       CLASS lcl_report DEFINITION
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS lcl_report DEFINITION.
*PUBLIC SECTION.
*
*   定义SALV输出内表TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_vbak,vbeln TYPE vbak-vbeln,erdat TYPE erdat,auart TYPE auart,kunnr TYPE kunnr,END OF ty_vbak.
*DATA: t_vbak TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_vbak.
*
*   ALV referenceDATA: o_alv TYPE REF TO cl_salv_table.
*METHODS:
*     抽取数据get_data,
*
*     生成输出内容generate_output.
*
*$*$*.....CODE_ADD_1 - Begin..................................1..*$*$*
*
*    In this section we will define the private methods which can
*      be implemented to set the properties of the ALV and can be
*      called in the
*
*$*$*.....CODE_ADD_1 - End....................................1..*$*$*
*
ENDCLASS.                    "lcl_report DEFINITION
*
*
START-OF-SELECTION.DATA: lo_report TYPE REF TO lcl_report.
*CREATE OBJECT lo_report.
*lo_report->get_data( ).
*lo_report->generate_output( ).
*
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       CLASS lcl_report IMPLEMENTATION
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS lcl_report IMPLEMENTATION.
*METHOD get_data.
*   抽取数据SELECT vbelnerdatauartkunnrINTO TABLE t_vbakFROM vbakUP TO 20 ROWS.
*ENDMETHOD.                    "get_data
*
*.......................................................................METHOD generate_output.
*   New ALV instance
*   We are calling the static Factory method which will give back
*   the ALV object reference.
*
* exception classDATA: lx_msg TYPE REF TO cx_salv_msg.TRY.cl_salv_table=>factory(IMPORTINGr_salv_table = o_alvCHANGINGt_table      = t_vbak ).CATCH cx_salv_msg INTO lx_msg.ENDTRY.
*
*$*$*.....CODE_ADD_2 - Begin..................................2..*$*$*
*
*    In this area we will call the methods which will set the
*      different properties to the ALV
*
*$*$*.....CODE_ADD_2 - End....................................2..*$*$*
*
*
* Displaying the ALV
*   调用Display方法将数据输出到屏幕上o_alv->display( ).
*ENDMETHOD.                    "generate_output
*
*$*$*.....CODE_ADD_3 - Begin..................................3..*$*$*
*
*    In this area we will implement the methods which are defined in
*      the class definition
*
*$*$*.....CODE_ADD_3 - End....................................3..*$*$*
*
*
ENDCLASS.                    "lcl_report IMPLEMENTATION

三、执行结果