收录于热门专栏Java基础教程系列(进阶篇)
在实际的项目开发中,对象间赋值普遍存在,随着双十一、秒杀等电商过程愈加复杂,数据量也在不断攀升,效率问题,浮出水面。
答:想都不用想,直接代码走起来,get、set即可。
问:下图这样?
答:对啊,你怎么能把我的代码放到网上?
问:没,我只是举个例子
答:这涉及到商业机密,是很严重的问题
问:我发现你挺能扯皮啊,直接回答问题行吗?
问:行了,行了,说说,怎么解决吧。
答:很简单啊,可以通过工具类Beanutils直接赋值啊
答:就Apache
自带的那个啊,贼简单。我手写一个,给你欣赏一下。
问:你这代码报错啊,避免用Apache Beanutils进行属性的copy。
答:没报错,只是严重警告而已,代码能跑就行,有问题再优化呗
答:拿多少钱,干多少活,我又不是XXX,应该是性能问题吧
问:具体什么原因导致的呢?
答:3000块钱还得手撕一下 apache copyProperties
的源代码呗?
通过单例模式调用copyProperties
,但是,每一个方法对应一个BeanUtilsBean.getInstance()
实例,每一个类实例对应一个实例,这不算一个真正的单例模式。
public static void copyProperties(Object dest, Object orig) throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {BeanUtilsBean.getInstance().copyProperties(dest, orig);
}
通过源码可以看到,每一个copyProperties
都要进行多次类型检查,还要打印日志。
/*** org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils.copyProperties方法源码解析* @author 哪吒编程* @time 2023-01-07*/
public void copyProperties(Object dest, Object orig) throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {// 类型检查if (dest == null) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("No destination bean specified");} else if (orig == null) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("No origin bean specified");} else {// 打印日志if (this.log.isDebugEnabled()) {this.log.debug("BeanUtils.copyProperties(" + dest + ", " + orig + ")");}int var5;int var6;String name;Object value;// 类型检查// DanyBean 提供了可以动态修改实现他的类的属性名称、属性值、属性类型的功能if (orig instanceof DynaBean) {// 获取源对象所有属性DynaProperty[] origDescriptors = ((DynaBean)orig).getDynaClass().getDynaProperties();DynaProperty[] var4 = origDescriptors;var5 = origDescriptors.length;for(var6 = 0; var6 < var5; ++var6) {DynaProperty origDescriptor = var4[var6];// 获取源对象属性名name = origDescriptor.getName();// 判断源对象是否可读、判断目标对象是否可写if (this.getPropertyUtils().isReadable(orig, name) && this.getPropertyUtils().isWriteable(dest, name)) {// 获取对应的值value = ((DynaBean)orig).get(name);// 每个属性都调用一次copyPropertythis.copyProperty(dest, name, value);}}} else if (orig instanceof Map) {Map propMap = (Map)orig;Iterator var13 = propMap.entrySet().iterator();while(var13.hasNext()) {Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry)var13.next();String name = (String)entry.getKey();if (this.getPropertyUtils().isWriteable(dest, name)) {this.copyProperty(dest, name, entry.getValue());}}} else {PropertyDescriptor[] origDescriptors = this.getPropertyUtils().getPropertyDescriptors(orig);PropertyDescriptor[] var14 = origDescriptors;var5 = origDescriptors.length;for(var6 = 0; var6 < var5; ++var6) {PropertyDescriptor origDescriptor = var14[var6];name = origDescriptor.getName();if (!"class".equals(name) && this.getPropertyUtils().isReadable(orig, name) && this.getPropertyUtils().isWriteable(dest, name)) {try {value = this.getPropertyUtils().getSimpleProperty(orig, name);this.copyProperty(dest, name, value);} catch (NoSuchMethodException var10) {}}}}}
}
再通过jvisualvm.exe
检测一下运行情况,果然,logging.log4j
赫然在列,稳居耗时Top1。
package com.nezha.copy;import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils;
import org.springframework.cglib.beans.BeanCopier;
import org.springframework.util.StopWatch;public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {User user = new User();user.setUserId("1");user.setUserName("哪吒编程");user.setCardId("123");user.setCreateTime("2023-01-03");user.setEmail("666666666@qq.com");user.setOperate("哪吒");user.setOrgId("46987916");user.setPassword("123456");user.setPhone("10086");user.setRemark("456");user.setSex(1);user.setStatus("1");user.setTel("110");user.setType("0");user.setUpdateTime("2023-01-05");User target = new User();int sum = 10000000;apacheBeanUtilsCopyTest(user,target,sum);commonsPropertyCopyTest(user,target,sum);cglibBeanCopyTest(user,target,sum);springBeanCopyTest(user,target,sum);}private static void apacheBeanUtilsCopyTest(User source, User target, int sum) {StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();stopWatch.start();for (int i = 0; i < sum; i++) {apacheBeanUtilsCopy(source,target);}stopWatch.stop();System.out.println("使用org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils方式赋值"+sum+"个user对象,耗时:"+stopWatch.getLastTaskTimeMillis()+"毫秒");}/*** org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils方式*/private static void apacheBeanUtilsCopy(User source, User target) {try {BeanUtils.copyProperties(source, target);} catch (Exception e) {}}private static void commonsPropertyCopyTest(User source, User target, int sum) {StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();stopWatch.start();for (int i = 0; i < sum; i++) {commonsPropertyCopy(source,target);}stopWatch.stop();System.out.println("使用org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils方式赋值"+sum+"个user对象,耗时:"+stopWatch.getLastTaskTimeMillis()+"毫秒");}/*** org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils方式*/private static void commonsPropertyCopy(User source, User target) {try {PropertyUtils.copyProperties(target, source);} catch (Exception e) {}}private static void cglibBeanCopyTest(User source, User target, int sum) {StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();stopWatch.start();for (int i = 0; i < sum; i++) {cglibBeanCopy(source,target);}stopWatch.stop();System.out.println("使用org.springframework.cglib.beans.BeanCopier方式赋值"+sum+"个user对象,耗时:"+stopWatch.getLastTaskTimeMillis()+"毫秒");}/*** org.springframework.cglib.beans.BeanCopier方式*/static BeanCopier copier = BeanCopier.create(User.class, User.class, false);private static void cglibBeanCopy(User source, User target) {copier.copy(source, target, null);}private static void springBeanCopyTest(User source, User target, int sum) {StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();stopWatch.start();for (int i = 0; i < sum; i++) {springBeanCopy(source,target);}stopWatch.stop();System.out.println("使用org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.copyProperties方式赋值"+sum+"个user对象,耗时:"+stopWatch.getLastTaskTimeMillis()+"毫秒");}/*** org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.copyProperties方式*/private static void springBeanCopy(User source, User target) {org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.copyProperties(source, target);}
}
方法 | 1000 | 10000 | 100000 | 1000000 |
---|---|---|---|---|
apache BeanUtils | 906毫秒 | 807毫秒 | 1892毫秒 | 11049毫秒 |
apache PropertyUtils | 17毫秒 | 96毫秒 | 648毫秒 | 5896毫秒 |
spring cglib BeanCopier | 0毫秒 | 1毫秒 | 3毫秒 | 10毫秒 |
spring copyProperties | 87毫秒 | 90毫秒 | 123毫秒 | 482毫秒 |
不测不知道,一测吓一跳,差的还真的多。
spring cglib BeanCopier
性能最好,apache BeanUtils
性能最差。
性能走势 --> spring cglib BeanCopier
优于 spring copyProperties
优于 apache PropertyUtils
优于 apache BeanUtils
避免用Apache Beanutils进行属性的copy的问题 上面分析完了,下面再看看其它的方法做了哪些优化。
从源码可以清晰的看到,类型检查变成了非空校验,去掉了每一次copy的日志记录,性能肯定更好了。
DanyBean 提供了可以动态修改实现他的类的属性名称、属性值、属性类型的功能。
/*** org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils方式源码解析* @author 哪吒编程* @time 2023-01-07*/
public void copyProperties(Object dest, Object orig) throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException {// 判断数据源和目标对象不是nullif (dest == null) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("No destination bean specified");} else if (orig == null) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("No origin bean specified");} else {// 删除了org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils.copyProperties中最为耗时的log日志记录int var5;int var6;String name;Object value;// 类型检查if (orig instanceof DynaBean) {// 获取源对象所有属性DynaProperty[] origDescriptors = ((DynaBean)orig).getDynaClass().getDynaProperties();DynaProperty[] var4 = origDescriptors;var5 = origDescriptors.length;for(var6 = 0; var6 < var5; ++var6) {DynaProperty origDescriptor = var4[var6];// 获取源对象属性名name = origDescriptor.getName();// 判断源对象是否可读、判断目标对象是否可写if (this.isReadable(orig, name) && this.isWriteable(dest, name)) {try {// 获取对应的值value = ((DynaBean)orig).get(name);// 相对于org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils.copyProperties此处有优化// DanyBean 提供了可以动态修改实现他的类的属性名称、属性值、属性类型的功能if (dest instanceof DynaBean) {((DynaBean)dest).set(name, value);} else {// 每个属性都调用一次copyPropertythis.setSimpleProperty(dest, name, value);}} catch (NoSuchMethodException var12) {if (this.log.isDebugEnabled()) {this.log.debug("Error writing to '" + name + "' on class '" + dest.getClass() + "'", var12);}}}}} else if (orig instanceof Map) {Iterator entries = ((Map)orig).entrySet().iterator();while(true) {Map.Entry entry;String name;do {if (!entries.hasNext()) {return;}entry = (Map.Entry)entries.next();name = (String)entry.getKey();} while(!this.isWriteable(dest, name));try {if (dest instanceof DynaBean) {((DynaBean)dest).set(name, entry.getValue());} else {this.setSimpleProperty(dest, name, entry.getValue());}} catch (NoSuchMethodException var11) {if (this.log.isDebugEnabled()) {this.log.debug("Error writing to '" + name + "' on class '" + dest.getClass() + "'", var11);}}}} else {PropertyDescriptor[] origDescriptors = this.getPropertyDescriptors(orig);PropertyDescriptor[] var16 = origDescriptors;var5 = origDescriptors.length;for(var6 = 0; var6 < var5; ++var6) {PropertyDescriptor origDescriptor = var16[var6];name = origDescriptor.getName();if (this.isReadable(orig, name) && this.isWriteable(dest, name)) {try {value = this.getSimpleProperty(orig, name);if (dest instanceof DynaBean) {((DynaBean)dest).set(name, value);} else {this.setSimpleProperty(dest, name, value);}} catch (NoSuchMethodException var10) {if (this.log.isDebugEnabled()) {this.log.debug("Error writing to '" + name + "' on class '" + dest.getClass() + "'", var10);}}}}}}
}
再通过jvisualvm.exe检测一下运行情况,果然,logging.log4j
没有了,其他的基本不变。
if (orig instanceof DynaBean) {
这个类型检查;/*** org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.copyProperties方法源码解析* @author 哪吒编程* @time 2023-01-07*/
private static void copyProperties(Object source, Object target, @Nullable Class> editable,@Nullable String... ignoreProperties) throws BeansException {// 判断数据源和目标对象不是nullAssert.notNull(source, "Source must not be null");Assert.notNull(target, "Target must not be null");/*** 若target设置了泛型,则默认使用泛型* 若是 editable 是 null,则此处忽略* 一般情况下editable都默认为null*/Class> actualEditable = target.getClass();if (editable != null) {if (!editable.isInstance(target)) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Target class [" + target.getClass().getName() +"] not assignable to Editable class [" + editable.getName() + "]");}actualEditable = editable;}// 获取target中全部的属性描述PropertyDescriptor[] targetPds = getPropertyDescriptors(actualEditable);// 需要忽略的属性List ignoreList = (ignoreProperties != null ? Arrays.asList(ignoreProperties) : null);for (PropertyDescriptor targetPd : targetPds) {Method writeMethod = targetPd.getWriteMethod();// 目标对象存在写入方法、属性不被忽略if (writeMethod != null && (ignoreList == null || !ignoreList.contains(targetPd.getName()))) {PropertyDescriptor sourcePd = getPropertyDescriptor(source.getClass(), targetPd.getName());if (sourcePd != null) {Method readMethod = sourcePd.getReadMethod();/*** 源对象存在读取方法、数据是可复制的* writeMethod.getParameterTypes()[0]:获取 writeMethod 的第一个入参类型* readMethod.getReturnType():获取 readMethod 的返回值类型* 判断返回值类型和入参类型是否存在继承关系,只有是继承关系或相等的情况下,才会进行注入*/if (readMethod != null &&ClassUtils.isAssignable(writeMethod.getParameterTypes()[0], readMethod.getReturnType())) {try {// 放开读取方法的权限if (!Modifier.isPublic(readMethod.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers())) {readMethod.setAccessible(true);}// 通过反射获取值Object value = readMethod.invoke(source);// 放开写入方法的权限if (!Modifier.isPublic(writeMethod.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers())) {writeMethod.setAccessible(true);}// 通过反射写入值writeMethod.invoke(target, value);}catch (Throwable ex) {throw new FatalBeanException("Could not copy property '" + targetPd.getName() + "' from source to target", ex);}}}}}
}
阿里的友情提示,避免用Apache Beanutils
进行对象的copy
,还是很有道理的。
Apache Beanutils
的性能问题出现在类型校验和每一次copy的日志记录;
if (orig instanceof DynaBean) {
这个类型检查;
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